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Endothelial cell calcium and vascular control

J C Falcone1

  • 1Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Department of Medical Physiology, College Station 77845-1114, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
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Endothelial cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone by increasing intracellular calcium in response to acetylcholine and high flow. This study reveals the critical role of the endothelium in mediating arteriolar dilation.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Physiology
  • Microcirculation Research

Background:

  • The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating vascular smooth muscle tone.
  • Endothelial cell calcium signaling is a key mechanism in vascular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of endothelial cell calcium in skeletal muscle arteriole tone modulation.
  • To determine the relationship between endothelial calcium and arteriolar responses to various stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated rat cremaster muscle first-order arterioles were cannulated and pressurized.
  • Digital imaging microscopy with Fura-2-AM was used to measure endothelial cell calcium.
  • Vessels were stimulated with acetylcholine, adenosine, intraluminal pressure, and flow.

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Main Results:

  • Acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) increased endothelial calcium and caused dilation.
  • Adenosine (endothelium-independent) caused dilation without affecting endothelial calcium.
  • High flow (40 cm H2O) increased endothelial calcium preceding arteriolar dilation.
  • Endothelium removal abolished responses to acetylcholine and high flow but not adenosine.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial cell calcium signaling is essential for acetylcholine- and flow-induced arteriolar dilation.
  • The endothelium is a critical mediator of vascular smooth muscle tone regulation in skeletal muscle arterioles.