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The word frequency effect in recognition memory versus repetition priming

S Kinoshita1

  • 1School of Behavioural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia.

Memory & Cognition
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Word frequency impacts memory differently. Low-frequency words show more priming, but only attended high-frequency words are better recalled, suggesting word frequency effects in recognition memory stem from conscious recollection.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Word frequency is a known factor influencing cognitive processes.
  • Understanding its role in memory and priming is crucial for cognitive models.
  • Attention's influence on word frequency effects requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of word frequency in recognition memory and repetition priming.
  • To examine how attention modulates these word frequency effects.
  • To determine if word frequency effects in memory and priming share a common origin.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using lexical decision tasks and recognition memory tests.
  • Attention was manipulated during the study phase (attended vs. unattended).

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  • Both unspeeded and speeded recognition memory tests were employed.

    • Main Results:

    • Repetition priming was greater for low-frequency words regardless of attention.
    • A low-frequency word advantage in recognition memory emerged only under attended conditions.
    • This recognition advantage was specifically linked to conscious recollection.

    Conclusions:

    • Word frequency effects in recognition memory and repetition priming likely originate from different underlying mechanisms.
    • The word frequency effect in recognition memory appears to be localized within conscious recollection processes.
    • Attention plays a critical role in modulating word frequency effects in conscious memory recall.