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Changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and B-cell function in regularly exercising subjects

R L Prigeon1, S E Kahn, D Porte

  • 1Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Exercise cessation significantly reduces insulin sensitivity in regularly exercising individuals. This decline in insulin sensitivity, not changes in glucose effectiveness or B-cell function, explains reduced glucose tolerance after stopping exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Regular aerobic exercise enhances glucose tolerance.
  • The impact of exercise cessation on glucose metabolism components requires elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the roles of insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, and B-cell function in altered glucose tolerance post-exercise cessation.
  • To quantify changes in these metabolic parameters at different time points after the last exercise bout.

Main Methods:

  • Seven young, regularly exercising individuals underwent intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) at 12 and 84 hours post-exercise.
  • Minimal model analysis quantified insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness at zero insulin (GEZI).
  • B-cell function (AIRglucose) and glucose disappearance (Kg) were also assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Insulin sensitivity (SI) significantly decreased from 12 to 84 hours post-exercise (P = .005).
  • No significant changes were observed in glucose effectiveness at zero insulin (GEZI) or acute insulin response to glucose (AIRglucose).
  • The decline in glucose disappearance constant (Kg) was primarily attributed to reduced insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced insulin sensitivity is the primary driver of impaired glucose tolerance following exercise cessation in athletes.
  • Glucose effectiveness and B-cell function remain largely unaffected in the short term after stopping regular exercise.
  • Maintaining regular exercise is crucial for preserving insulin sensitivity and optimal glucose control.