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Comparative mapping in grasses. Wheat relationships

A E Van Deynze1, J C Nelson, E S Yglesias

  • 1Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Molecular & General Genetics : MGG
|October 25, 1995
PubMed
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Comparative mapping of Triticeae tribe (grass family) genomes reveals conserved gene orders with rice, maize, and oat. This approach aids in identifying homologous genes for various traits across species.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Genetics
  • Comparative Biology

Background:

  • Traditionally, the genetics of Gramineae family species were studied independently.
  • Comparative mapping using DNA markers enables integrated research across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop consensus genetic maps for Triticeae tribe members (wheat, T. tauschii, Hordeum spp.).
  • To compare these maps with those of rice, maize, and oat.
  • To identify conserved homoeologous segments and orthologous loci for traits.

Main Methods:

  • Development of consensus genetic maps for Triticeae species using DNA markers.
  • Comparative analysis of Triticeae maps against rice, maize, and oat maps.
  • Utilizing wheat aneuploid stocks for precise DNA fragment allocation to chromosome arms.

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Main Results:

  • High conservation of marker order was observed between Triticeae consensus maps and rice (93%), maize (92%), and oat (94%).
  • Ancient polyploidization events in maize were identified through homoeology with Triticeae chromosome segments.
  • Conserved homoeologous segments across Triticeae, rice, maize, and oat were identified for each Triticeae chromosome.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative mapping provides a unified approach to studying Gramineae genetics.
  • Significant conservation of genome structure exists across Triticeae, rice, maize, and oat.
  • This study identified potential orthologous loci for various traits, facilitating future genetic research in cereals.