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Electrostatic force microscope for probing surface charges in aqueous solutions

S Xu1, M F Arnsdorf

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 24, 1995
PubMed
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Researchers developed an electrostatic force microscope using charged phospholipids on cantilevers to study surface charges. This method significantly enhances adhesion force measurements for biomolecular interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Standard scanning force microscopy (SFM) often uses neutral cantilevers.
  • Studying electrostatic interactions in aqueous environments presents challenges.
  • Functionalizing probe tips is crucial for specific molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt SFM into an electrostatic force microscope (EFM) for analyzing surface electrostatic charges.
  • To investigate the enhanced adhesion forces resulting from charged probe-specimen interactions.
  • To demonstrate the utility of phospholipid-functionalized cantilevers for biomolecular studies.

Main Methods:

  • Conversion of a scanning force microscope into an electrostatic force microscope by charging the cantilever with phospholipids.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Imaging of various samples (lysozymes, DEAE-Sephadex beads, treated glass, mica) in aqueous solutions (water, phosphate buffer).
  • Measurement of adhesion forces using both bare and charged (phospholipid-functionalized) probes.

    • Main Results:

    • The electrostatic force microscope successfully imaged surface electrostatic charges in aqueous solutions.
    • Adhesion forces increased up to 500-fold when using a charged probe with an oppositely charged specimen compared to a bare probe.
    • The enhanced adhesion is attributed to the energy required to break salt bridges.

    Conclusions:

    • Phospholipid functionalization of cantilever tips enables sensitive EFM studies of surface charges.
    • The method significantly amplifies measured adhesion forces, aiding in the study of intermolecular interactions.
    • This technique allows for the incorporation of biomolecules for biologically specific probing.