Assessment of novel foods: a call for a new and broader GRAS concept

Novel or new foods may be those introduced for the first time from other parts of the world or they may result from the application of new or modified physical, chemical, and biotechnological treatments performed separately or combined. In addition to offering new possibilities of food for a growing human population, the development raises questions on the criteria for the acceptance of such foods. Conceptual, ethical, and technological issues are involved and call for a world-wide debate on a new and broader GRAS concept, including not only toxicological and nutritional elements but also cultural and philosophical values.