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[The incidence of major histocompatibility system antigens in dilated and ischemic myocardiopathies]
L Almenar1, J Montoro, M Palencia
1Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia.
Insights
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigen frequencies differ between patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease and healthy controls. Specific HLA antigens are associated with increased risk or protection for these heart conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Cardiology
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system
Background:
- The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system plays a crucial role in immune response.
- Genetic variations in HLA antigens are implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the association between specific HLA antigens and advanced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the frequency distribution of HLA antigens in patients diagnosed with advanced DCM and IHD.
- To compare HLA antigen frequencies in these patient groups against a control cohort of healthy individuals from the Spanish Mediterranean area.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed.
- Participants included 35 patients with DCM and 32 patients with IHD, alongside 1337 healthy controls.
- HLA antigen typing was performed for all participants.
Main Results:
- Patients with DCM showed a higher incidence of HLA antigens A-2, B-12, and DQ-3, and a lower incidence of B-51 compared to controls.
- Patients with IHD exhibited a higher frequency of HLA antigens A-11 and A-29, and a lower frequency of DQ-2 compared to controls.
- Specific antigen frequencies were statistically compared between patient groups and the control population.
Conclusions:
- The presence of HLA antigens A-2, B-12, and DQ-3, and the absence of B-51, may favor the development of advanced DCM in the Spanish Mediterranean population.
- HLA antigens A-11 and A-29 appear to predispose individuals to IHD.
- The presence of HLA antigen DQ-2 may confer a protective effect against the development of IHD.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of the different antigens of HLA in patients with diagnosis of very advanced dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease by comparing them with a control group of supposedly healthy subjects.
Material And Method:
The group of dilated cardiomyopathy consisted of 35 patients (8 women and 27 men) aged between 14 and 60 years. The group of ischemic heart disease included 32 patients (4 women and 28 men) aged between 34 and 64 years. The control group comprised 1337 subjects of the Spanish Mediterranean area, supposedly healthy and recruited from paternity studies.
Results:
In dilated cardiomyopathy we found a higher incidence in comparison with the control group of the A-2 (62.86% vs 46.22%), B-12 (60.00% vs 32.38%) and DQ-3 (82.86 vs 49.96%) antigens, and a lower incidence of B-51 (0.00% vs 12.49%). In ischemic heart disease we found, when comparing to the control group, a higher incidence of A-11 (31.25% vs 13.08%) and A-29 (34.38% vs 14.58%) antigens and a lower incidence of DQ-2 (15.63% vs 49.88%).
Conclusions:
In the Spanish Mediterranean area, the presence of A-2, B-12 and DQ-3 antigens, as well as the absence of B-51 would favour the appearance of advanced dilated cardiomyopathy. The presence of the A-11 and A-29 antigens would predispose to ischemic cardiomyopathy while the presence of DQ-2 would have a protective effect on the appearance of this cardiopathy.