Rare complications of vascular access devices

To provide an overview of rare complications of vascular access devices in terms of etiology, assessment, management, and follow-up.

Rare complications of vascular access devices are serious and in some cases life-threatening. These complications include pinch-off and catheter fracture, catheter malposition and migration, cardiac perforation, extravasation, breakage, and defective devices. Knowledge and awareness of these complications can contribute to accurate identification and immediate management. Documentation and reporting of complications to the Food and Drug Administration helps to ensure the safety and efficacy of vascular access devices.

Developing the expertise needed to manage these types of complications is a continual challenge to the oncology nurse. Although managing rare complications is usually performed by a physician, recognizing the clinical manifestations will alert the nurse to seek medical advice immediately, thus decreasing the risk of mortality. All health care professionals are responsible for continually monitoring vascular access devices, consistently documenting findings, and communicating recommendations for care.