Hyponatremia in pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection

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A Tolaymat1, F al-Mousily, J Sleasman

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|October 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Hyponatremia affects over a quarter of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Common causes include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and other medical conditions in pediatric HIV patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Medical Complications of HIV/AIDS

Background:

  • Hyponatremia is a known complication in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Limited data exists on the frequency and clinical associations of hyponatremia in pediatric populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of hyponatremia in children with HIV-1 infection.
  • To identify clinical associations and potential causes of hyponatremia in this pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study evaluating medical records of 86 children (age 4 months to 21 years) with HIV-1 infection.
  • Analysis of serum sodium levels and co-occurring medical conditions at the time of hyponatremia diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two children (26%) developed hyponatremia (serum sodium < 135 mEq/L).
  • Common comorbidities included AIDS encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, bacterial pneumonia, and tuberculosis meningitis.
  • Attributed causes included syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), poor sodium intake, diarrheal losses, and diuretic use.

Conclusions:

  • Hyponatremia is a significant complication in children with HIV-1 infection, occurring in over a quarter of cases.
  • Multiple clinical factors and conditions are associated with hyponatremia in pediatric HIV patients.
  • Further investigation into the management and prevention of hyponatremia in this population is warranted.

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