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Herpes zoster and internal malignancy

J B Smith1, N A Fenske

  • 1Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Herpes zoster (HZ) is rarely a marker for internal malignancy, as it typically follows cancer diagnosis. Extensive cancer screenings are not usually needed after HZ diagnosis, only if other symptoms arise.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Herpes zoster (HZ) is frequently observed alongside internal malignancies, particularly hematologic cancers.
  • Historically, HZ was considered a potential marker for internal malignancy due to observed associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the literature regarding the relationship between herpes zoster and internal malignancy.
  • To determine if HZ is a reliable indicator of underlying occult cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining the temporal relationship between HZ and malignancy.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating malignancy incidence after HZ diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • In most cases where HZ and malignancy co-occur, HZ diagnosis follows the cancer diagnosis.
  • Three studies found no increased incidence of internal malignancy in individuals after an HZ diagnosis.
  • HZ is generally a poor predictor of occult internal malignancy.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive workups for occult malignancy are not routinely indicated following an HZ diagnosis.
  • While rare, HZ can precede a malignancy, warranting a baseline history and physical examination.
  • Further investigations should be guided by abnormal findings in the history and physical exam.

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