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Rickets in black children beyond infancy in Natal
R Bhimma1, J M Pettifor, H M Coovadia
1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Natal.
Summary
This study identified privational rickets (calcium/vitamin D deficiency) and phosphopenic rickets as common in Black children in Durban. Early recognition of clinical signs is crucial for timely intervention in pediatric rickets.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Rickets, a condition affecting bone mineralization, is prevalent in developing regions.
- Understanding the specific types and clinical presentations of rickets in diverse pediatric populations is essential for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To delineate the clinical spectrum of rickets in Black children beyond infancy.
- To identify the most common etiologies and clinical manifestations of rickets in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 37 Black children (aged 1-12 years) with rickets was conducted.
- Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical, radiological, and biochemical assessments, excluding other potential causes.
- Patients were categorized based on vitamin D levels and suspected calcium deficiency or phosphopenia.
Main Results:
- Privational rickets (calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency) was diagnosed in 23 patients.
- Phosphopenic rickets was identified in 10 patients, with 4 cases showing healing.
- Common presentations included limb bowing, stunting, and skeletal deformities; the calcium and vitamin D deficient group responded better to therapy.
Conclusions:
- This study establishes a recognizable pattern of rickets beyond infancy in South Africa, highlighting privational and phosphopenic rickets as the most common types.
- Recognizing key clinical signs like limb bowing and skeletal deformities can alert healthcare professionals to potential rickets cases.
- The findings underscore the importance of addressing nutritional deficiencies in pediatric bone health.