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Respiratory function and risk of stroke

S G Wannamethee1, A G Shaper, S Ebrahim

  • 1Department of Public Health, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.

Stroke
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Reduced lung function, measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), is linked to a higher stroke risk, particularly in men with existing hypertension or ischemic heart disease. However, FEV1 is not recommended for guiding hypertension treatment decisions for stroke prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Preventive Cardiology

Background:

  • Lung function, specifically forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), is increasingly recognized as a potential indicator of systemic health.
  • The relationship between pulmonary function and cardiovascular risk, particularly stroke, requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lung function (FEV1) and the risk of major stroke events (fatal and nonfatal).
  • To determine if FEV1 can serve as a predictive marker for stroke risk in a middle-aged male population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 7735 men aged 40-59 was conducted.
  • Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured, and participants were followed for a mean of 14.8 years for major stroke events.

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  • Statistical analyses adjusted for multiple cardiovascular risk factors including age, smoking, blood pressure, and diabetes.

    • Main Results:

    • Lower FEV1 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of major stroke events.
    • The relative risk of stroke was 1.4 times higher in the lowest FEV1 group compared to the highest.
    • This association was more pronounced in older men, current nonsmokers, hypertensive individuals, and those with pre-existing ischemic heart disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced lung function (FEV1) is associated with elevated stroke risk, especially in high-risk individuals with hypertension or ischemic heart disease.
    • While FEV1 indicates increased stroke risk, its predictive value is insufficient to guide clinical decisions for hypertension management in stroke prevention.