Electrical muscle stimulation on the spine. Three-dimensional effects in rabbits

We investigated the 3-dimensional effect of electrostimulation of the latissimus dorsi, the erector spinae and the intercostal muscles on spinal configuration in 16 New Zealand white rabbits. Electrostimulation on the right side of the spine resulted in a left convex, hypokyphotic curve and vertebral body rotation towards the convexity of the curve in all rabbits. The Cobb angle in the coronal plane increased with stimulation of each of the muscles examined. The kyphosis decreased with stimulation of the latissimus dorsi and the erector spinae. The vertebral rotation increased with stimulation of all muscles. Stimulation of the tested muscles resulted in the simultaneous occurrence of a 3-dimensional spinal deformity with the characteristics of idiopathic scoliosis.