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Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

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Published on: March 27, 2019

Alcohol availability and alcohol-related crashes: does distance make a difference?

D Giacopassi1, R Winn

  • 1Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Memphis State University, Tennessee 38152, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
|August 1, 1995
PubMed

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In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
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The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
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Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
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