Regulation of food intake during the menstrual cycle

Several studies indicate that food intake and selection varies during menstrual cycle. The present results are based on nutritional diaries kept by 27 healthy regularly menstruating women, who did not use oral contraceptives. Over a time period of at least one menstrual cycle the women recorded their daily ad libitum food intake by specifying the different nutrients and the respective amounts. The daily total energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was analyzed using the national foodstuff code provided by the National Health Institute with regard to different phases of the menstrual cycle. The latter were controlled by daily measurements of basal temperature. The results indicate that during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle the intake of total energy tends to be higher than during follicular phase. Carbohydrate intake was on the lowest point during periovulatory period reaching a minimum approximately 2 days after ovulation. Such a minimum could also be observed in fat and total energy intake. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that the subjective perception of "sweetness" varied with cycle phases. The results suggest that food intake and selection is influenced by neurochemical, hormonal, physiological and psychological factors.