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Dog, cat, and human bites: a review

R D Griego1, T Rosen, I F Orengo

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Animal and human bite wounds are common, with infection being a major complication. This review details risk factors, evaluation, and treatment for various mammalian bites, emphasizing Pasteurella multocida and Capnocytophaga canimorsus.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sciences
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bite wounds from animals and humans are frequent, leading to significant healthcare costs and complications.
  • Infection is the most common complication, influenced by animal species, bite location, host factors, and wound care.
  • Mammalian bite infections are often polymicrobial, involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of infections from dog, cat, and human bite wounds.
  • To emphasize risk factors, evaluation, bacteriology, and antimicrobial susceptibility for common bite-related pathogens.
  • To highlight specific considerations for human bite wounds, particularly those to the hand.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bite wound infections.

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  • Analysis of risk factors, causative organisms, and treatment strategies.
  • Emphasis on specific pathogens like Pasteurella multocida, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, Eikenella corrodens, and rabies virus.

    • Main Results:

    • Human bites to the hand require specific management categories due to higher complication risks.
    • Most mammalian bite infections are polymicrobial.
    • Effective treatment depends on identifying causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the nuances of different bite types (dog, cat, human) is crucial for effective management.
    • Prompt and appropriate evaluation and treatment can mitigate complications from bite wounds.
    • Specific pathogens and their resistance patterns necessitate tailored antimicrobial therapy.