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Related Experiment Videos

Perinatal thermogenesis

T R Gunn1, P D Gluckman

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Early Human Development
|August 18, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newborn infants need rapid thermogenesis for survival. The placenta inhibits nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in utero; separation from it, plus oxygen and cold, enables effective thermogenesis after birth.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Perinatal Adaptation
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Rapid thermogenesis is vital for newborn survival after adapting to cooling, oxygenation, and placental separation.
  • The fetus experiences significant physiological shifts at birth, necessitating effective heat production mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sequential stimuli triggering thermogenesis in a fetal sheep model.
  • To identify the role of the placenta in inhibiting thermogenesis in utero.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chronically instrumented fetal sheep model for 'simulated birth in utero' experiments.
  • Sequentially evaluated the effects of cooling, oxygen ventilation, and umbilical cord occlusion on thermogenesis.

Main Results:

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  • Cooling stimulated shivering and cardiovascular responses but not nonshivering thermogenesis (NST).
  • Oxygen ventilation produced modest NST, unaffected by triiodothyronine.
  • Umbilical cord occlusion led to a rapid, substantial increase in NST, indicating placental inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • The placenta secretes factors, likely prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, that tonically inhibit fetal thermogenesis.
  • Effective postnatal thermogenesis requires placental separation, oxygenation via breathing, and cold receptor stimulation.