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Historical concept analysis of empathy

J A Sutherland

    Issues in Mental Health Nursing
    |November 1, 1995
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study analyzed Civil War nursing narratives to define empathy. Nurse empathy, including identification, introjection, and intervention, improved patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nursing
    • History of Medicine
    • Social Sciences

    Background:

    • Concept analysis of empathy in nursing is crucial for understanding patient care.
    • Historical nursing accounts offer rich data for conceptual exploration.

    Observation:

    • Archival Civil War nursing narratives were analyzed using concept analysis strategies.
    • Critical attributes, antecedents (patient cues), and consequences (patient responses) of empathy were elucidated.
    • Contrary, related, and borderline cases were examined to refine the concept's boundaries.

    Findings:

    • Empathy in nursing is characterized by identification, introjection, and intervention.
    • Nursing interventions emerged as a critical attribute of empathy.
    • Patient responses are key to understanding nurse empathy.

    Implications:

    • Improved patient outcomes are associated with the presence of nurse empathy.
    • This analysis provides a clearer definition of empathy in historical nursing contexts.
    • Findings can inform contemporary nursing education and practice regarding empathetic care.

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