Lead-loaded ion-exchange resin bead as a calcergen

Several heavy metals have direct calcifying effects in connective tissues; most notable among them is lead (Pb), whether administered topically (1) or systemically with local injury (2). The mechanisms of metal-induced soft tissue calcification have been studied by injecting salts of known in vitro calcifying potential into subcutaneous connective tissue (3); of the metals used, only lead and holmium produced an early accumulation of minerals on collagen in vivo. Lead is also claimed to accelerate bone healing in the rabbit leg with no toxic effects (4). Lead-loaded ion-exchange resin beads, implanted into surgically prepared subcutaneous pouches in rats, rapidly induced subcutaneous calcification which has been studied by microradiography and electron-probe microanalysis.