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Incineration: health and environmental consequences

M Gochfeld1

  • 1UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA.

The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Incineration, a key waste management method, reduces waste volume but can cause air pollution and leave harmful ash. It should supplement, not replace, comprehensive waste reduction strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Waste Management Engineering
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Incineration is a primary method for solid waste management, alongside source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, and landfilling.
  • It is utilized for household, institutional, hazardous chemical, and medical/biological waste, aiming to reduce volume and destroy harmful components.
  • The incineration process can generate air pollutants and residual ash, posing environmental and health risks if not properly managed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the role and implications of incineration in solid waste management.
  • To evaluate the potential environmental risks associated with incineration byproducts.
  • To determine the optimal integration of incineration within broader waste management frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of incineration technologies and waste management principles.
  • Analysis of chemical changes and potential pollutant formation during incineration.
  • Examination of regulatory and operational controls for incinerator facilities.

Main Results:

  • Incineration effectively reduces waste volume and can destroy certain hazardous constituents.
  • Potential for harmful emissions (air pollution) and ash contamination exists, necessitating stringent controls.
  • Effective incineration requires sound engineering and robust institutional oversight to mitigate risks.

Conclusions:

  • Incineration should be a limited component of waste management, not a sole solution.
  • Comprehensive strategies focusing on source reduction, recycling, and reuse are essential.
  • Integrating incineration requires careful consideration of its environmental impact and the need for strong regulatory frameworks.

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