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Consciousness and the natural method

O Flanagan1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Neuropsychologia
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding consciousness requires integrating diverse data, including phenomenology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology. This approach reveals domain-specific theories for mental states like visual awareness and memory, rather than a single unified account.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Consciousness is a complex phenomenon encompassing diverse subjective experiences.
  • A unified theory of consciousness remains elusive due to its multifaceted nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unified methodology for building a theory of consciousness.
  • To investigate the evolutionary basis of specific conscious states.
  • To explore the domain-specific nature of conscious mentation.

Main Methods:

  • The "natural method" integrating phenomenology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology.
  • Case studies of visual awareness and conscious event memory.
  • Analysis of dreaming as a contrasting case.

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Main Results:

  • The natural method facilitates the coordination of diverse informational resources.
  • Adaptationist evolutionary accounts are plausible for visual awareness and conscious event memory.
  • Dreaming may not have a direct adaptationist evolutionary explanation.

Conclusions:

  • A theory of mind and consciousness necessitates domain-by-domain construction.
  • There is no a priori expectation of a unified evolutionary history or causal role for all conscious states.