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Effects of caffeine consumption on delayed conception

C K Stanton¹, R H Gray

¹Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

American Journal of Epidemiology

|December 15, 1995

Summary

High caffeine intake (> or = 301 mg daily) may delay conception for non-smoking women. This study found no significant impact on conception for smokers or women with lower caffeine consumption.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Epidemiology
Toxicology

Background:

Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance.
Previous research on caffeine's impact on fertility has yielded mixed results.
Understanding factors affecting time to conception is crucial for reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between caffeine consumption and waiting time to conception.
To analyze the effect of caffeine on fecundability (per cycle probability of conception).
To examine potential interactions between caffeine consumption and smoking on fertility outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study (Reproductive Health Study) of 1,430 parous women.
Assessed daily caffeine intake from caffeinated beverages (none, 1-150, 151-300, > or = 301 mg).
Analyzed delayed conception (>12 months) and fecundability using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

High caffeine consumption (> or = 301 mg/day) was associated with significantly delayed conception in non-smokers (OR=2.65).
Smoking independently increased the risk of delayed conception (OR=1.77).
Fecundability was reduced in non-smokers with high caffeine intake (FR=0.74); no caffeine effect was observed in smokers.

Conclusions:

High caffeine consumption may delay conception among women who do not smoke.
Smoking appears to modify the effect of caffeine on conception.
Further research may explore the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.

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