Aspartame, behavior, and cognitive function in children with attention deficit disorder

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pediatrics
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
• Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in many food products.
• Concerns exist regarding the potential impact of artificial sweeteners on behavior and cognition, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of high-dose aspartame consumption on behavior and cognitive function in children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder.
• To examine the impact of aspartame on monoamine metabolism in children with ADD.

Main Methods:

• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study involving unmedicated children meeting DSM-III criteria for ADD.
• Children received either aspartame (34 mg/kg) or placebo for 2-week periods.
• Behavioral assessments, cognitive tests, and biochemical analyses (including amino acids, methanol, formate, serotonin, and monoamine metabolites) were conducted.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in behavioral ratings (STESS, MIT, Conners) or cognitive test performance (MFFT, CCT, WCST, Airplane Test) were observed between the aspartame and placebo groups.
• Biochemical analyses revealed no significant differences, apart from the expected increase in plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels after aspartame administration.
• Urinary excretion rates of catecholamines and monoamine metabolites remained unaffected by aspartame consumption.

Conclusions:

• Aspartame, even at doses significantly exceeding typical consumption levels (over 10 times), does not appear to adversely affect the cognitive or behavioral status of children with attention deficit disorder.
• The study suggests that aspartame does not alter monoamine metabolism or its urinary excretion products in children with ADD.