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Characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus by monoclonal antibodies
A Alonso1, M D Gomes, A K Ramalho
1Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract:
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus types O1 Campos Br1/58, A24 Cruzeiro Br1/55, and C3 Indaial Br1/71, which are the strains used for production of FMD vaccines in the majority of South American countries. Within the library of MAbs produced, a group was selected on the basis of their neutralizing titer in cell culture, protective titer in suckling mice, sensitivity to trypsin, and specificity for virus structural proteins. The MAbs were utilized in an ELISA test format to compare European and South American representative field isolates with vaccine production strains in their r1 relationship as obtained by 50% complement fixation (CF50) with polyclonal antibodies (PAb) and their virus neutralization (VN) relationship obtained with sera from one-time-vaccinated and from revaccinated cattle, respectively. The MAbs selected varied in their reactivity against the different strains and, therefore, enabled us to compare field FMDV strains to those against which the MAbs were produced, with definite advantages over the r1 and VN ratios. Thus, panels of MAb produced with the vaccine strains and appropriately selected are significantly useful for the FMD-control programs because they serve to provide guidance on the immunological coverage provided by the vaccines against FMDV strains circulating in the field. The MAbs are also useful for the differentiation of FMD virus strains.
Insights
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) offer improved Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) virus strain characterization. These MAbs aid in assessing vaccine efficacy and differentiating field strains for better FMD control programs.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) poses a significant threat to livestock globally.
- Current FMD vaccines in South America primarily use strains O1 Campos Br1/58, A24 Cruzeiro Br1/55, and C3 Indaial Br1/71.
- Accurate characterization of circulating FMD virus strains is crucial for effective vaccination strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and select monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against key South American FMD virus vaccine strains.
- To evaluate the utility of these MAbs in comparing field isolates with vaccine strains.
- To assess the diagnostic potential of MAbs for FMD virus strain differentiation and vaccine efficacy evaluation.
Main Methods:
- Production and selection of MAbs based on neutralization titer, protective capacity in mice, trypsin sensitivity, and specificity.
- Utilized MAbs in an ELISA format to compare field isolates and vaccine strains.
- Compared MAb-based comparisons with traditional methods like complement fixation (CF50) and virus neutralization (VN) assays.
Main Results:
- Selected MAbs demonstrated varied reactivity against different FMD virus strains.
- MAbs provided a more precise comparison of field isolates to vaccine strains than traditional r1 and VN ratios.
- MAbs proved effective in differentiating FMD virus strains.
Conclusions:
- Selected panels of MAbs are valuable tools for FMD control programs.
- MAbs offer guidance on the immunological coverage of vaccines against circulating FMDV strains.
- MAbs are useful for differentiating FMD virus strains, aiding in disease management.