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Human complement activation by polygeline and dextran 70

V Videm¹, T E Mollnes

¹Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University, National Hospital, Norway.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

|March 1, 1994

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Dextran and polygeline, common plasma expanders, activate the complement cascade. This immune response may be relevant in cardiopulmonary bypass and trauma, as expanders counteract inhibitory factors.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

The complement cascade is implicated in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and trauma.
Plasma expanders are frequently used in these clinical scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of plasma expanders, specifically dextran 70 and polygeline, to activate the complement system.
To assess complement activation under conditions mimicking clinical CPB.

Main Methods:

Incubation of fresh human serum with dextran 70 and polygeline.
Quantification of C3-activation products and terminal complement complex (TCC) using enzyme immunoassays.
Evaluation of complement activation under varying conditions, including serum dilution, heparin presence, and hypothermia.

Main Results:

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Dextran 70 induced rapid, dose-dependent C3 activation and TCC formation.
High doses of polygeline caused minor complement activation after a delay.
Serum dilution enhanced activation by both expanders.
Plasma expanders diminished the inhibitory effects of heparin and hypothermia on complement activation.

Conclusions:

Dextran 70 and, to a lesser extent, polygeline can activate the complement cascade.
These plasma expanders may contribute to complement activation during CPB and in shock treatment.
The findings highlight a potential mechanism for adverse immune responses associated with plasma expander use in critical care settings.