A new approach to chronic viral disease therapy by cytokines

Eradication of an infectious agent during the acute phase of infection is a complicated process which involves several specific and non-specific mechanisms of the immune system. In chronic diseases, one of these steps may be missing or impaired which results in a malfunctions of the whole system and prolonged presence in the host invading pathogen. Mentioned above mechanisms are governed by cytokine network. Released by activated cells--cytokines initiate cascade reactions leading to eradication of pathogen. For practical purposes a model was formulated which resembles an electronic computer. In this model cytokines represent signals or words which when combined together form more or less precise instruction how to repair damages done by invading pathogen. Cells receiving cytokine signals become activated and transform messages increasing sometimes intensity of signals or release new ones which may initiate additional reactions. To activate full reaction two independent signals are required. Full activation of the eradication mechanisms requires activation of different types of cells. To achieve this goal proper combination of signals generated by cytokines should be induced. Efficacy of cytokines therapy may depend upon several factors such as route of administration, composition of cytokines, dose and modality of delivery. In the biological computer model introduction of cytokines on the surface of epithelium of the oral cavity in minute quantities and in proper composition should give the best clinical therapeutic results.