Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Archaea II01:24

Diversity of Archaea II

468
Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
468
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

848
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
848
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

908
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
908
Diversity of Archaea I01:30

Diversity of Archaea I

567
Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms, are classified into five major phyla based on genetic and biochemical characteristics: Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota. Among these, the phylum Euryarchaeota is notable for its remarkable diversity in morphology, metabolism, and ecological adaptations.Morphological and Metabolic DiversityMembers of Euryarchaeota exhibit a variety of cellular shapes, including rods and cocci. Their metabolic pathways...
567
Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

4.9K
The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular...
4.9K
Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

3.1K
The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ignition's glow: Ultra-fast spread of global cortical activity accompanying local "ignitions" in visual cortex during conscious visual perception.

Consciousness and cognition·2015
Same author

Human single-neuron responses at the threshold of conscious recognition.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2008
Same author

Ultra-fine frequency tuning revealed in single neurons of human auditory cortex.

Nature·2008
Same author

Selective fovea-related deprived activation in retinotopic and high-order visual cortex of human amblyopes.

NeuroImage·2006
Same author

Area-specific amblyopic effects in human occipitotemporal object representations.

Neuron·2003
Same author

Object-completion effects in the human lateral occipital complex.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM
12:15

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM

Published on: January 18, 2009

62.9K

Cortical columns as devices for maximizing neuronal diversity

R Malach1

  • 1Dept of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Trends in Neurosciences
|March 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebral cortex columns may maximize neuronal connection diversity in supragranular layers. This organization enhances functional connectivity and information processing within the brain's cortex.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Dissociated Mouse Cortical Neuron Cultures
18:02

Preparation of Dissociated Mouse Cortical Neuron Cultures

Published on: December 18, 2007

45.1K
Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device
12:00

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Published on: September 30, 2007

20.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM
12:15

Calcium Imaging of Cortical Neurons using Fura-2 AM

Published on: January 18, 2009

62.9K
Preparation of Dissociated Mouse Cortical Neuron Cultures
18:02

Preparation of Dissociated Mouse Cortical Neuron Cultures

Published on: December 18, 2007

45.1K
Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device
12:00

Preparing E18 Cortical Rat Neurons for Compartmentalization in a Microfluidic Device

Published on: September 30, 2007

20.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The cerebral cortex exhibits a fundamental columnar organization.
  • The precise functional role of this columnar architecture remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding cortical organization is key to deciphering brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel function for the columnar organization of the cerebral cortex.
  • To investigate how cortical columns might influence neuronal connectivity.
  • To explore the implications of columnar structure for information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of neuronal connectivity within cortical columns.
  • Analysis of connection patterns in simulated supragranular layers.
  • Comparative analysis of connection diversity under different organizational schemes.

Main Results:

  • Columnar organization promotes a significant increase in the diversity of neuronal connections.
  • Supragranular layers benefit most from this enhanced connection diversity.
  • Maximized connection diversity is linked to efficient information routing.

Conclusions:

  • The columnar organization of the cerebral cortex serves to maximize neuronal connection diversity.
  • This diversity is particularly important in supragranular layers for cortical processing.
  • Columnar architecture is a key feature for optimizing brain information processing.