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[Neurogenic inflammation in nasal hyperreactivity]

N Takeda1

  • 1Department of Otolayngology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.

Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure triggers neuropeptide release, leading to histamine release and nasal hyperreactivity symptoms like sneezing. Capsaicin pretreatment blocks these effects, indicating neuropeptide involvement in TDI-induced nasal allergies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nasal hyperreactivity is a common condition.
  • The role of neuropeptides in nasal responses to chemical irritants is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of neuropeptides, specifically substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced nasal hyperreactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea pigs were sensitized and exposed to TDI intranasally.
  • Histochemical and pharmacological techniques were used to assess neuropeptide levels, histamine content, and gene expression.
  • The effect of capsaicin pretreatment was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • TDI exposure induced nasal hyperreactivity, decreased nasal histamine, and increased SP and CGRP immunoreactivity in nasal mucosa.
  • TDI exposure also increased SP and CGRP mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons.
  • Capsaicin pretreatment prevented TDI-induced nasal symptoms and histamine release.

Conclusions:

  • TDI exposure enhances SP and CGRP biosynthesis and transport, leading to their release in the nasal mucosa.
  • Neuropeptide release, specifically SP and CGRP, triggers histamine release, causing nasal hyperreactivity.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of neuropeptides in TDI-induced nasal inflammation and allergy-like symptoms.

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