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Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin epitopes shared among bacteria

A K Chopra1, X J Xu, J W Peterson

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1019.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|May 15, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed antibodies to detect Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn). These antibodies identified Stn protein in Salmonella and related Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting evolutionary gene adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) is a virulence factor in Salmonella, an important enteric pathogen.
  • The genetic basis and expression of Stn protein in various bacterial species require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize anti-peptide antibodies for detecting the Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) protein.
  • To screen Salmonella isolates and other Gram-negative bacteria for Stn protein expression.

Main Methods:

  • Deducing the amino acid sequence of the cloned Salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn).
  • Preparing anti-peptide antibodies against the deduced amino acid sequence.
  • Screening bacterial isolates using immunoblotting with the generated antibodies.

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Main Results:

  • All tested Salmonella isolates showed a ~29 kDa protein band reacting with Stn antibodies, consistent with the stn gene product.
  • Isolates of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter also exhibited a similar-sized protein that reacted with Stn antibodies.
  • The stn gene's location opposite hydrogenase regulatory genes (hydHG) suggests evolutionary adaptation leading to its expression.

Conclusions:

  • The developed antibodies are effective in detecting Stn protein in Salmonella and related Enterobacteriaceae.
  • The presence of a similar-sized Stn protein in other Gram-negative bacteria indicates potential horizontal gene transfer or convergent evolution.
  • Evolutionary changes, possibly point mutations, in the stn gene sequence have led to its expression in Salmonella and some other bacteria.