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Insulin secretion after oral calcium load

T Fujita, Y Sakagami, T Tomita

    Endocrinologia Japonica
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Oral calcium supplementation significantly enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion in diabetics, but not non-diabetics. This suggests a potential role for calcium in diabetes mellitus insulin secretion abnormalities.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Calcium Metabolism

    Background:

    • Impaired insulin secretion is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • Calcium ions play a crucial role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of oral and intravenous calcium administration on glucose-induced insulin secretion in individuals with and without diabetes.
    • To explore the potential role of calcium in the pathophysiology of insulin secretion defects in diabetes mellitus.

    Main Methods:

    • Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted with and without oral calcium lactate in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
    • OGTT was also performed with and without intravenous calcium gluconate.
    • Blood glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were measured at timed intervals.

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    Main Results:

    • Oral calcium administration significantly increased insulin secretion parameters (Max IRI, Max delta IRI, Max delta IRI/delta BS, sigma delta IRI, sigma delta IRI/delta BS) in diabetic individuals, but not in non-diabetics.
    • Intravenous calcium administration did not influence any measured insulin secretion parameters in either group.
    • These findings suggest that oral calcium specifically augments glucose-induced insulin secretion in diabetics.

    Conclusions:

    • Oral calcium load enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion primarily in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
    • The results indicate a potential abnormality in calcium-mediated insulin secretion mechanisms in diabetes.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of calcium in diabetic insulin secretion defects.