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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Alphavirus Transducing System: Tools for Visualizing Infection in Mosquito Vectors
07:12

Alphavirus Transducing System: Tools for Visualizing Infection in Mosquito Vectors

Published on: November 25, 2010

Recombination between Sindbis virus RNAs

S Schlesinger1, B G Weiss

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri.

Archives of Virology. Supplementum
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sindbis virus RNA recombination allows functional gene modules to be exchanged between defective parental RNAs. Crossovers within non-functional regions can create viable genomes with new genetic arrangements.

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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
11:48

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The Sindbis virus RNA genome comprises two modules: one for nonstructural proteins and one for structural proteins.
  • Understanding viral RNA recombination is crucial for studying viral evolution and genome integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and outcomes of Sindbis virus RNA recombination when parental RNAs have defects in different modules.
  • To determine the requirements for generating infectious Sindbis virus RNA through recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Sindbis virus strains with defects in distinct genomic modules for recombination studies.
  • Analyzing the genetic makeup of recombinant viral RNA genomes.

Main Results:

  • Recombination occurred between parental Sindbis virus RNAs defective in different modules.
  • Parental RNA modules remained intact, with crossovers occurring within the defective regions.
  • Viable recombinant RNAs could incorporate deletions, rearrangements, or insertions, provided they were outside functional modules.
  • Recombinant genomes contained two functional subgenomic RNA promoters.

Conclusions:

  • Sindbis virus RNA recombination can effectively repair defects by exchanging intact functional modules.
  • Recombinational events are tolerant of genetic alterations outside essential functional regions, leading to novel genome structures.