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A modified Apt test: a new look at an old test

J M McRury1, R C Barry

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University Medical Center, Missouri 63104.

Pediatric Emergency Care
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
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The modified Apt test accurately differentiates infant and adult blood stains on cloth. However, testing must occur within 30 minutes of stain formation for reliable results, especially in emergency settings.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Differentiating blood stains is crucial in forensic and clinical settings.
  • The Apt test is a presumptive test for blood, but its application to cloth stains needs validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the modified Apt test's efficacy on blood stains on cloth.
  • To determine the impact of time on the accuracy of the modified Apt test results.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples from newborns and gravid females were applied to cloth diapers.
  • A blinded investigator performed a modified Apt test on the stains.
  • A time-course study evaluated test accuracy up to four hours post-stain application.

Main Results:

  • 34/35 infant blood stains and 29/30 adult blood stains showed distinct results.

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  • Blood stain samples became indistinguishable after 30 minutes.

    • Conclusions:

    • The modified Apt test can differentiate infant and adult blood stains on cloth.
    • Accurate differentiation is only possible if the test is performed within 30 minutes of stain production.
    • This time limitation is critical for emergency department applications.