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[Post-transfusional hepatitis due to hepatitis virus C]

D Sondag-Thull1

  • 1Service d'Immuno-Hématologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège.

Bulletin Et Memoires De L'Academie Royale De Medecine De Belgique
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the primary cause of post-transfusional hepatitis. Mandatory HCV antibody screening in Belgium reduced transmission, but further improvements in donor selection and molecular detection methods are needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of post-transfusional hepatitis (PTH), particularly for non-A, non-B hepatitis.
  • Molecular biology has begun to elucidate the nature of the HCV.
  • HCV transmission through blood products remains a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and control of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donations.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current screening methods and explore advanced techniques for reducing PTH risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic screening of HCV antibodies in blood donors.
  • Implementation of molecular biology techniques like PCR for viral genome detection.
  • Measurement of ALT (alanine amino transferase) as a surrogate marker.
  • Pre-donation anamnesis and donor awareness programs.

Main Results:

  • Mandatory HCV antibody screening in Belgium since 1991 has reduced transmission.
  • Seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors in Belgium is approximately 0.55%.
  • PCR offers viral genome detection independent of antibody presence, enhancing safety.

Conclusions:

  • While HCV antibody screening is effective, residual risk of PTH persists.
  • Molecular methods (PCR) and surrogate markers like ALT measurement can further improve blood safety.
  • Enhanced donor selection criteria and awareness programs are crucial for comprehensive HCV control in transfusion medicine.

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