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IgE and complement in allergic children

J Costa Trindade, M L Palma-Carlos, A G Palma-Carlos

    Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
    |November 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were linked to atopic asthma and urticaria in children. Complement system anomalies, particularly elevated C4 levels, were common, irrespective of disease specifics.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
    • Clinical Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Allergic diseases and autoimmune conditions can involve immune system dysregulation.
    • Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and complement system proteins are key players in immune responses.
    • Understanding their roles in pediatric allergic conditions is crucial for diagnosis and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate serum levels of IgE and complement fractions (C3, C4, C3PA) in children with atopic asthma and acute urticaria.
    • To determine potential correlations between these immune markers and specific clinical presentations.

    Main Methods:

    • Radial immunodiffusion technique using commercial M-Partigen plates.
    • Measurement of global IgE, C3, C4, and C3PA complement fractions in serum samples.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of data from 29 children with atopic asthma, 3 with non-atopic asthma, and 9 with acute urticaria for IgE; and 56 patients for C3/C4, and 41 for C3PA.

    • Main Results:

    • Elevated serum IgE levels were predominantly observed in atopic asthma with polysensitization and urticaria cases.
    • The most frequent complement anomaly was an elevated C4 fraction (23.2%), unrelated to clinical form or disease duration.
    • Increased C3 fraction (14.6%) and C3PA were observed, often concurrently.
    • A decrease in serum C3 was noted in only 11.1% of atopic asthma patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum IgE levels may serve as an indicator for atopic asthma and urticaria in children.
    • Complement system alterations, particularly elevated C4, are common findings in these pediatric conditions.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of complement fractions in the pathogenesis of pediatric allergic diseases.