Immunodeficiency due to a faulty interaction between T cells and B cells

The identification of the ligand for CD40, gp39, which is expressed on the membrane of activated CD4+ T-helper cells, has sparked intense investigation into the roles of this molecule in physiological B-cell activation. Recently, it has become clear that some human immunodeficiencies, such as X-linked hyper IgM syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency are linked to mutations in the gp39 gene or are a result of defective expression of gp39, leading to suboptimal, or a lack of, B-cell activation by T-helper cells.