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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
11:38

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress

Published on: March 21, 2014

A two-step adhesion cascade for T cell/endothelial cell interactions under flow conditions

D A Jones1, L V McIntire, C W Smith

  • 1Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

T cell adherence to endothelial cells involves distinct primary and secondary steps, differing from neutrophil adhesion mechanisms. This study identifies novel pathways for T cell rolling and integrin engagement under flow conditions.

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Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions

Published on: June 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
11:38

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress

Published on: March 21, 2014

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
09:14

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions
07:40

Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions

Published on: June 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells (ECs) involves selectin-dependent primary and CD18-dependent secondary adhesion.
  • Understanding T cell adherence mechanisms is crucial for immune response regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct steps and molecular mechanisms governing T cell adherence to ECs under flow conditions.
  • To compare T cell adherence pathways with those of neutrophil adhesion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a parallel-plate flow chamber to study T cell adhesion to L cell transfectants expressing E-selectin, VCAM-1, or ICAM-1.
  • Investigated T cell adhesion to IL-1-stimulated human umbilical vein EC monolayers under flow.
  • Employed blocking antibodies to specific adhesion molecules and integrins.

Main Results:

  • E-selectin mediated only primary adhesion, ICAM-1 only secondary adhesion, and VCAM-1 both.
  • VCAM-1/alpha 4 beta 1 integrin and ICAM-1/CD18 integrin pathways were critical for secondary T cell adhesion.
  • A novel primary adhesion pathway, mediating T cell rolling, was identified and prerequisite for integrin engagement.

Conclusions:

  • T cell adherence to IL-1-stimulated ECs under flow involves at least two successive steps with distinct molecular underpinnings.
  • The primary adhesion pathway for T cells differs significantly from known leukocyte adhesion mechanisms.
  • These findings highlight unique molecular distinctions in T cell vs. neutrophil adhesion to ECs.