Scar formation in the vestibular sensory epithelium after aminoglycoside toxicity

Hair cell degeneration and the repair process due to differing types of trauma have been studied extensively in the organ of Corti. It has been determined that, during scar formation, after differing types of trauma to the auditory sensory system, the reticular lamina is maintained with adherens junctions and tight junctions. We investigated the repair process within the vestibular epithelium. Hair cell degeneration was induced by the unilateral application of streptomycin to the inner ears of guinea pigs. Whole mount preparations of all five vestibular organs were processed and examined by fluorescence, light and electron microscopy. Scar formation was seen as early as 4 days post-treatment with streptomycin and was noted to coincide with hair cell degeneration. Neighboring supporting cells swelled and filled the space beneath the degenerating hair cell. Between three and five supporting cells participate in the reparative process. The distribution of cytokeratin is also altered during scar formation. The area once occupied by the hair cell becomes filled with cytokeratin-rich processes of supporting cells. It appears that differing numbers of supporting cells are involved in the reparative process within the vestibular sensory epithelium as compared to the auditory system. The reticular lamina remains intact at all times. This may possibly prevent mixing of fluids between different compartments in the inner ear and dysfunction of the vestibular sensory organs.