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Distribution of transposable elements in arthropods

H M Robertson1, D J Lampe

  • 1Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.

Annual Review of Entomology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements in arthropods show diverse distribution patterns. DNA-mediated elements frequently transfer horizontally, while RNA-mediated elements evolve vertically with scarce horizontal transfer evidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Arthropod Genetics

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs), mobile genetic sequences, are crucial for genome evolution.
  • Arthropods host diverse DNA-mediated and RNA-mediated transposable elements.
  • Understanding TE distribution and evolutionary dynamics is key to deciphering genome plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distribution patterns of DNA-mediated and RNA-mediated transposable elements in arthropods.
  • To investigate the primary drivers of TE distribution, focusing on horizontal transfer versus vertical evolution.
  • To explore the evolutionary relationships among different classes of transposable elements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on transposable element distribution in arthropods.
  • Analysis of documented cases of horizontal transfer, particularly for mariner elements.
  • Phylogenetic analyses of reverse-transcriptase enzymes (for RNA-mediated TEs) and transposases/integrases (for DNA-mediated TEs).

Main Results:

  • DNA-mediated elements exhibit patchy distribution, largely attributed to frequent horizontal transfer across diverse arthropod lineages and even other phyla.
  • RNA-mediated elements demonstrate predominantly vertical evolution within host lineages, with limited evidence for horizontal transfer.
  • Phylogenetic studies reveal evolutionary links between transposases of DNA-mediated elements and integrases of RNA-mediated elements.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal transfer is a significant factor shaping the distribution of DNA-mediated transposable elements in arthropods.
  • RNA-mediated elements appear more conserved within lineages, undergoing prolonged vertical evolution.
  • Convergent evolution or shared ancestry is suggested by the distant relationship between transposases and integrases across TE classes.

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