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Related Experiment Videos

A urinary marker for occult systemic coccal disease

E S Hyman

    Nephron
    |January 1, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary

    Excessive gram-negative particles in urine, identified as decomposed gram-positive cocci (explodeds), signal systemic diseases. These explodeds originate internally and indicate potential coccal infections across various conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Pathology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Gram-negative particles are observed in normal urine via microscopy.
    • These particles increase significantly in various systemic diseases, accompanied by sparse gram-positive cocci.
    • Antibiotic treatment shows limited efficacy at moderate doses, but higher doses can suppress these particles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize and identify the nature of excessive gram-negative particles found in urine.
    • To determine the origin and pathological significance of these particles in systemic diseases.
    • To establish the particles as potential biomarkers for systemic coccal diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Improved microscopic techniques for urine analysis.
    • Detection of muramic acid in hydrolysates.
    • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructural analysis.
    • Optical microscopy of tissue and synovial fluids.

    Main Results:

    • Gram-negative particles were identified as decomposed gram-positive cocci ('explodeds').
    • Explodeds were confirmed to originate from within the body, crossing renal membranes.
    • Elevated levels of explodeds were found in various rheumatic and renal diseases, as well as other conditions.
    • Explodeds were also detected in tissue and synovial fluids, indicating trans-membrane passage.

    Conclusions:

    • Urinary explodeds are derived from systemic gram-positive cocci, likely streptococci.
    • Their presence signifies an internal origin, possibly from excessive entry or proliferation of coccal precursors.
    • Explodeds serve as a novel marker for diverse systemic diseases, particularly systemic coccal disease.

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