Nucleoside transport inhibitors enhance the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning

We recently observed that dipyridamole pretreatment significantly enhanced the infarct size (IS)-limiting effect of preconditioning (PC), which was attenuated by adenosine receptor antagonist. This potentiation of PC was interpreted to result from inhibition of nucleoside transport by dipyridamole, but contribution of other pharmacologic actions of dipyridamole could not be excluded. To confirm that inhibition of nucleoside transport leads to PC enhancement, we assessed alteration of mild PC by two different nucleoside transport inhibitors, dilazep and R75231, which, unlike dipyridamole, lack action on phosphodiesterase (PDE) and prostacyclin. Myocardial infarction was induced in rabbits by 30-min coronary occlusion and 72-h reperfusion. IS and area at risk (AAR) were determined by histology and fluorescent particles, respectively. Rabbits either were untreated or received dilazep (0.34 mg/kg intravenously, i.v.) or R75231 (0.05 mg/kg i.v.) before coronary occlusion. In other groups of rabbits, PC was conducted with 2-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion with or without injection of the nucleoside transport inhibitor (0.34 or 0.10 mg/kg dilazep or 0.05 mg/kg of R75231) before PC. IS expressed as percentage of AAR (%IS/AAR) was 43.9 +/- 2.3% (SE) in untreated controls; dilazep (0.34 mg/kg) and R75231 alone did not modify IS (%IS/AAR = 50.6 +/- 4.7 and 42.7 +/- 11.9%, respectively). PC tended to reduce IS (%IS/AAR = 33.3 +/- 3.5%), but the combination of dilazep or R75231 with PC significantly limited %IS/AAR (%IS/AAR = 22.5 +/- 5.0% after low-dose dilazep plus PC, 27.6 +/- 4.9% after high-dose dilazep plus PC, and 19.9 +/- 3.6%, after R75231 plus PC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)