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[Polymerase chain reaction in diagnostic pathology]

M Dietel1

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Verhandlungen Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur Pathologie
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

DNA is stable and can be analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on tissue samples. PCR complements histology for diagnosing diseases, but does not replace it.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • DNA is a stable molecule, even after histological processing.
  • This stability allows for molecular genetic analyses on preserved tissue samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for molecular genetic analyses on pathological paraffin and plastic blocks.
  • To highlight the utility of PCR in detecting mutations, translocations, gene expression, and foreign DNA for disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing various forms of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), including conventional PCR, RT-PCR, and in situ PCR.
  • Amplifying DNA from pathological paraffin and plastic blocks for subsequent examinations.

Main Results:

  • PCR enables the amplification of vast amounts of DNA from tissue blocks.
  • PCR facilitates the detection of specific genetic alterations (e.g., t(14;18), bcr/abl, ras-gene mutations) and mRNA expression (e.g., mdr1-mRNA).
  • PCR can identify foreign DNA from viruses or bacteria and aid in analyzing hereditary diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) significantly supplements routine diagnostic work in pathology.
  • Histology remains the primary diagnostic step, with PCR and other molecular techniques serving as valuable adjuncts.

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