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Pseudoleukemia after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy

M A Reale¹, Y Yen, R K Strair

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT, USA.

Southern Medical Journal

|April 1, 1995

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy can cause pseudoleukemia in lymphoma patients with pancytopenia. This case highlights the need for careful monitoring during G-CSF treatment in complex hematologic conditions.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Myeloid colony-stimulating factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), are widely used to manage neutropenia.
Their safety and efficacy are established in various clinical scenarios.

Observation:

A patient with lymphoma and pancytopenia developed pseudoleukemia after two days of G-CSF treatment.
Bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry initially suggested acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

Findings:

Abnormal findings resolved within four days of discontinuing G-CSF.
The observed extreme myeloid immaturity was not previously documented in phase I studies of G-CSF.
It is hypothesized that patient-specific factors associated with lymphoma and pancytopenia potentiated G-CSF's effects.

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Implications:

This case underscores the potential for G-CSF to induce significant, albeit reversible, myeloid abnormalities.
Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse effect, especially in patients with complex hematologic conditions.
Careful monitoring of bone marrow morphology during G-CSF therapy is crucial.