Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces a demyelinating encephalomyelitis resembling multiple sclerosis

Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease induced by injection of central nervous system (CNS) tissue, is widely used as a model for multiple sclerosis. However, it is unclear which Ag or combination of Ags in the CNS induce the demyelinating immune response. We now show in Lewis rats that a single injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a specific CNS myelin component, or an appropriately derived myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide produces a relapsing remitting neurologic disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination. Igs from affected animals reacted specifically with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and stimulated a myelin protease activity, leading to myelin basic protein degradation. The demonstrated involvement of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as a new demyelinating neural Ag may provide a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its treatment.