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Coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5 use decay accelerating factor as a receptor for cell attachment
D R Shafren1, R C Bates, M V Agrez
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Receptor binding and subsequent cell-mediated internalization or disassembly are the initial steps in virus replication. Cell surface molecules that participate in this process are the primary determinants of virus tissue tropism. Monoclonal antibody blockade, immunoprecipitation, and DNA transfection were used to identify decay accelerating factor as a major cell attachment receptor for coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5. However, expression of human decay acceleration factor on the surface of nonpermissive murine fibroblasts led only to virus attachment without subsequent replication, and it was concluded that an additional cellular cofactor(s) is required to facilitate cell entry and subsequent replication.
Insights
Decay accelerating factor is a key attachment receptor for coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5. However, additional cellular cofactors are necessary for virus entry and replication after attachment.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Virus replication initiates with receptor binding and cell internalization.
- Cell surface molecules dictate virus tissue tropism.
- Coxsackieviruses are known human pathogens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the cellular receptor for coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5.
- To investigate the role of decay accelerating factor in coxsackievirus infection.
Main Methods:
- Monoclonal antibody blockade
- Immunoprecipitation
- DNA transfection
- Expression of human decay accelerating factor on murine fibroblasts
Main Results:
- Decay accelerating factor was identified as a major attachment receptor for coxsackieviruses B1, B3, and B5.
- Coxsackievirus attachment to murine fibroblasts expressing decay accelerating factor occurred.
- Virus replication did not proceed in these cells, indicating a requirement for additional factors.
Conclusions:
- Decay accelerating factor is essential for coxsackievirus attachment.
- An additional cellular cofactor(s) is required for coxsackievirus entry and replication.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.