Compact anisotropic bone: elastic constants, in vitro aging effects and numerical results of a mathematical model

This paper briefly examines the experimentally observed effects in, and symmetry arguments for, the constituents of bone which lead to a transversely isotropic configuration for the elastic behavior of bone. Based on this, a regime for computing the anisotropic elastic constants is considered in terms of ultrasonic transit time measurements. To extend the usefulness of ultrasonic techniques to an in vivo situation, a mathematical model for bone is developed in outline form and numerical results for the characteristic frequency equation discussed.