Crkl is complexed with tyrosine-phosphorylated Cbl in Ph-positive leukemia

The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr/Abl protein has been causally linked to the development of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemia in mice and man. Abnormally tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates of the Bcr/Abl kinase in Ph-positive cells are likely to contribute to leukemogenesis by interfering with normal signal transduction pathways. We have previously shown that the adaptor molecule Crkl is a major in vivo substrate for the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase, and it is thought to connect Bcr/Abl with downstream effectors. In the current study, a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein with a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa was identified which binds only to the Crkl Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in cells, including Ph-positive patient material, containing an active Bcr/Abl protein. We demonstrate here that this protein is Cbl, originally discovered as an oncogene which induces B-cell and myeloid leukemias in mice. The Crkl SH2 domain binds specifically to Cbl. The Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of Crkl do not bind to Cbl, but do bind Bcr/Abl. These findings suggest the existence of a trimolecular complex involving Bcr/Abl, Crkl, and Cbl and are consistent with a model in which Crkl mediates the oncogenic signal of Bcr/Abl to Cbl.