Changes in epidermal proliferation and differentiation in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis reactions

Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis are similar clinically, histologically and on immunohistochemistry. In the present investigation, we assessed whether study of the recruitment of cycling epidermal cells, and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin, are of use in differentiating between the response to contact allergens and the response to the irritant detergent sodium lauryl sulphate. Both allergic and irritant challenges induced epidermal proliferation, and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin, but the dynamics were different. Two and 3 days after challenge, a highly significant difference between the allergic and irritant reactions was observed with respect to involucrin expression assessed by MON-150 staining.