Infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Infections in immunocompromised hosts have been an important clinical problem. Patients with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma are at a high risk of infection due to multiple factors. Five hundred and two patients admitted with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated for infection. The infection rate was not influenced by the etiology of hepatic diseases or the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, however, it increased with the advance of clinical stages of liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. The respiratory tract and urinary tract were the most common sites of infection, being involved in 50% and 28% of cases, respectively. The major pathogens of respiratory tract infection were S. aureus, H. influenzae, and P. aeruginosa. Gram-negative bacteria was the common isolate from sputum and urine, and S. aureus was also common in gram-positive bacteria. The infection rate was high in patients who died although infections could rarely be implicated as the direct cause of death. These findings should be a guide for the clinicians in treating patients with liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma who exhibit signs of infection.