Cancer incidence in Thailand, 1988-1991

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Oncology

Background:

• Cancer is a significant health concern in Thailand, with varying incidence rates across different regions.
• Understanding regional disparities in cancer types and risk factors is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present cancer incidence data from Thai cancer registries and a population survey.
• To analyze regional variations in cancer types and discuss potential etiological factors.
• To inform national cancer control policies and future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of data from cancer registries in Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, and Songkhla, and a Bangkok cancer survey (1988-1991).
• Estimation of national cancer incidence.
• Review of previous etiological studies.

Main Results:

• Liver cancer is the most frequent malignancy nationwide, with high rates of cholangiocarcinoma in the northeast linked to opisthorchiasis.
• Lung cancer is the second most common, with exceptionally high rates in northern Thai women, suggesting a link to tobacco smoking.
• Cervical cancer is the most common in women, while breast cancer incidence is low. Increased rates were observed for lip/oral cavity, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, and penile cancers in specific regions and populations.

Conclusions:

• Significant regional variations in cancer incidence and histology exist in Thailand.
• Environmental and lifestyle factors, including opisthorchiasis, tobacco smoking, and betel nut chewing, are implicated in observed cancer patterns.
• Findings highlight the need for targeted cancer control strategies and further etiological research in Thailand.