Selective elimination of malignant stem cells using photosensitizers followed by light treatment

The pros and cons of purging of either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell preparations for autologous transplantation for cancer has been debated strongly over the past decade. Recent data implicating the role of minimal residual disease in autografted marrow in cancer relapse have renewed interest in this question. There is a considerable body of literature supporting the possibility that photosensitizer molecules in combination with light might provide a therapeutic window permitting selective elimination of malignant stem cells while sparing those of normal lineage. Molecules of this class are known to be taken up more actively by most malignant cells, and intracellular concentrations are critical in their cytotoxic effect when they are activated by light at an appropriate wavelength. The present paper reviews the observations made over the past decade on a variety of photosensitizers and their effects on hemopoietic progenitors.